Making the Physics of Glass More Transparent

Physics of Glass - University of Osaka

Glass is one of the most essential yet enigmatic materials humans use in art, architecture, and technology. Despite its ubiquitous presence, its microscopic properties have puzzled scientists for generations. That is, until now.

In a recent article published by Phys.org, Dr. Koun Shirai from the University of Osaka introduces a transformative theory that could revolutionize how we understand glass and other non-equilibrium materials.

Glass: More Than a Slow-Moving Liquid

Unlike crystals, where atoms are neatly arranged in a repeating pattern, glasses exhibit a disordered atomic structure — more like a frozen liquid than a solid. Traditionally, this disorder made them incompatible with conventional thermodynamic models, which rely on equilibrium states to define physical behavior.

“Crystals are ordered, glasses are not — and that made them thermodynamic outcasts,” says Shirai. However, his new model introduces a game-changing perspective.

Redefining Equilibrium in Glass

Shirai proposes that equilibrium should not be defined strictly by atomic symmetry, but by energy extraction potential. If a system cannot give up energy without affecting its surroundings, it should be considered in equilibrium. This paradigm shift allows thermodynamic tools to be applied to glasses — with a twist.

According to Shirai, order parameters—key thermodynamic indicators—can be defined in glasses as the time-averaged positions of atoms. In doing so, he unifies the thermodynamic treatment of glasses and crystals, which could open new doors in material design and energy science.

Implications Beyond Glass

This new model doesn't just help decode the behavior of glass. It may also pave the way to understanding a broad array of other non-equilibrium systems, from biological matter to exotic polymers and quantum materials.

As material science races forward, breakthroughs like this one are key to designing stronger, smarter, and more energy-efficient materials for the future.

🔗 Source: Phys.org – Making the Physics of Glass More Transparent

📚 Original Research: Koun Shirai, Nature of the Order Parameters of Glass, Foundations (2025)

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